The digitalization of basic education is a necessary initiative to achieve educational equity and improve the quality of education, and there is a close relationship between the digitalization ability of the teaching force and the improvement of educational quality. In this paper, the questionnaire data are processed through structural equations, and factor analysis is utilized for data dimensionality reduction, which solves the problem of covariance in the equations. The digital elements that significantly affect the quality of basic education are analyzed, and the factors affecting the digital competence of the teaching force are analyzed according to the analysis results. The results show that for every 1% increase in teachers’ digital technology application ability, the quality of education increases by 53% on average, while factors such as perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, application atmosphere, school management system and training support all have an impact on teachers’ digital technology application ability. Finally, three strategies for building teachers’ digital competence are proposed based on the results of the analysis.