Marx Engels’ historical materialism has an important position in the history of human thought, and the understanding of Marx Engels’ historical materialism thought varies in different historical contexts. This paper takes its theoretical qualities as the entry point of this research to clarify the characteristics of its development in different times. According to the connection between historical materialism and game theory, replicated dynamic equations and evolutionary stabilization strategies are used to construct an evolutionary game model in the view of historical materialism. With the help of this paper’s model and numerical simulation software, the labor force and social contradictions in Marx Engels’ historical materialism thought are simulated and analyzed. When there is an oversupply of labor in the labor market, as the capital gain R2 is larger (increasing from 60 to 100), it causes x (the probability of high departure of workers) to rise more slowly, and there is no significant difference in the rate of increase of y (the probability of low departure of workers), which indicates that there is only a relationship of interest between capital and labor in Marx Engels’ historical materialist thought.