This study constructs a two-objective game model of “Basic Education Layout Adjustment-Nearby School Policy” based on evolutionary game theory. The NSGA-II algorithm is used to solve the multi-objective optimization problem and MATLAB simulation is used to analyze the strategy evolution path. It is found that the system is stabilized in the (investment, construction, adjustment) strategy when the parameters of the distribution of cooperative benefits between the two sides of the game satisfy PC<Ci+C0−CP<(1+j)PC${P_C} < {C_i} + {C_0} - {C_P} < \left( {1 + j} \right){P_C}$ and Ce < kPi. Combined with the education statistics of province A from 2015 to 2024, it is found that through layout adjustment in province A, the proportion of small elementary school decreases from 15.2% in 2015 to 8.39% in 2024, and the proportion of large classes in middle schools decreases from 52.1% to 38.82%. The average school building area per student increases from 8.11 m2 to 10.36 m2, and the investment in teaching equipment improves by 13.5%. The study shows that the coordination mechanism based on evolutionary game can effectively optimize the allocation of educational resources and promote the dynamic adaptation of policy landing and school layout.