With the increasing prominence of energy-consuming environmental problems in the construction industry, the development of green building is an inevitable requirement for building a resource-saving and environmentally friendly society, and realizing sustainable economic and environmental development. Based on this, this paper constructs a green transformation mechanism for the construction industry, with the support of intelligent construction. Combined with the relevant basic theories of green building mechanism, it systematically analyzes and identifies the factors affecting the sustainable development of green building from six aspects: mechanism research and development capability, mechanism standard improvement degree, mechanism results transformation and application, green building design level, green building construction level and green building operation level. The above six factors are taken as the explanatory variables, and the sustainable development level is taken as the dependent variable. The data was obtained through a survey, and a multiple linear regression model was constructed, tested, and analyzed. The results show that the partial regression coefficients of the six independent variables, namely, mechanism research and development capability, mechanism standard improvement, mechanism achievement transformation and application, green building design level, green building construction level and green building operation level, are 0.294, 0.231, 0.143, 0.328, 0.354 and 0.184, and there is a relatively significant linear relationship between the explanatory variables and the dependent variables, respectively. This study analyzes the factors that influence green building mechanisms on sustainable development paths to provide more effective directions and suggestions for sustainable development of green buildings.