Image segmentation algorithms are increasingly used in the research direction of remote sensing soil and water conservation measures. In this paper, the basic concepts and characteristic parameters of image segmentation algorithm are elaborated, and Songpan County is taken as the study area, and the remote sensing data obtained in the study area are corrected and preprocessed to reduce the error in order to get the image as close as possible to the real scene. Apply the multi-scale segmentation technology to segment the remote sensing image, and elaborate the principle and process of multi-scale segmentation, divide the research scale of this paper into four levels, 50, 80, 120, 170, through the area ratio mean method, and set the appropriate segmentation parameters based on these four levels. By analyzing and evaluating the classification accuracy of the classification thematic map, it is clearly known that the 10m raster size is the size that is easy to reduce the accuracy degree of land type, especially in the classification of grassland and forest land, which is easy to be misclassified and omitted, and it needs the researchers to pay more attention to it. The study of information extraction and protection methods of soil and water conservation measures in remote sensing images based on image segmentation algorithm can provide corresponding support for improving the quality of soil and water conservation in China.