Taking the reform of “one school with multiple products” as a breakthrough, on the basis of the original sports characteristics of the school, increase the education and development of traditional sports culture, and open up a new pattern of selection and training of reserve talents for competitive sports. Based on the pyramid structure and complex adaptive system, the article explores the evolution mechanism of “one school with multiple products” and constructs an evolution model of reserve talent cultivation. By designing the intra-layer competition and inter-layer collaboration strategy of pyramid structure, combining with adaptive genetic algorithm to optimize the evolution model of reserve talent cultivation, and selecting more than 10 primary and secondary schools in Changde City to carry out the “one school with multiple qualities” reserve talent cultivation program, the data were verified. The adaptive genetic algorithm tends to converge around 280 generations when solving the evolution model of “one school with multiple products” reserve talent training, and 88% of physical education teachers believe that it can significantly improve the physical fitness of students, and the school’s satisfaction with the construction of “one school with multiple products” reserve talent training project reaches 4.38 points. The path of “one school with multiple products” reserve talent cultivation in Changde City needs to expand the diversified development mode, guide students to carry out physical exercise through the sports culture atmosphere, and provide a solid foundation for the cultivation of reserve talents in competitive sports.