Relying on three-dimensional rendering technology to achieve comprehensive innovation of art space, so that it shows a more colorful, vivid image and unique artistic style. In this paper, when constructing virtual art space with Unity 3D platform, texture mapping is used to give the information of two-dimensional spatial points to three-dimensional virtual space points through mapping relationship, so as to enhance the details and readability of three-dimensional scene modeling of virtual art space. And the smoothness of the texture mapping scene is enhanced by the Poisson editing texture leveling and color leveling algorithm, and the texture mapping brightness is enhanced by combining with the coloring illumination model to promote the detailed expression of the virtual art space. The deep neural 3D rendering technique is established by combining the body rendering, neural radiation field and deep residual network, which is applied to the rendering reconstruction of the virtual art space, and the wavelet reconstruction algorithm is introduced to compress the rendering file to improve the rendering efficiency. The Normal value of the texture mapping of the virtual art space is only 0.182cm, and the average brightness enhancement in the texture mapping process can reach 79.58%. The average chamfer distance of 3D surface reconstruction for different virtual art space scenes is 0.636, and the frame rate is maintained between 36.54fps~86.35fps for different scene resolutions and diffusion simulation iterations. The use of 3D rendering technology can give the virtual art space more realistic artistic details, and the faster rendering performance can create artistic expression that is more in line with the concept of artistic aesthetics.