With the rapid development and popularity of the Internet, the integration of teaching content and new media is constantly deepening. Modern new media technology is being applied to the teaching of vocal music, and studying the combination of new media and vocal music teaching is crucial for advancing the development of vocal music curricula in colleges and universities. This study concentrates on interactive content, examining the interactive expression methods of new media technologies from a fresh perspective. Combined with the demand for the cultivation of students’ core qualities in vocal music teaching, the study further develops and optimizes the interactive content of vocal music teaching, integrates it with vocal music teaching, and proposes a vocal music teaching mode based on the optimized interactive content of this paper. To further verify the effectiveness of the vocal music teaching mode, this paper employs the hierarchical analysis method and factor analysis to construct an evaluation index system that measures the impact of interactive vocal music teaching. The weights of the five first-level indicators in the evaluation index system of this paper are 0.315, 0.300, 0.198, 0.083, and 0.104, which make the evaluation indicators reasonable and effective. In the teaching experiment, the mean value of each index in the optimized vocal music teaching mode, which is based on the development of new media interactive content, ranges from high to low: the teaching content (4.635), the teaching effect (4.552), the teaching goal (4.430), the teaching average (4.354), and the teaching method (4.123). The overall mean score was 4.339, indicating excellent overall teaching effectiveness and providing new insights into the development of interactive content for vocal music teaching.