With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the field of education, especially journalism communication teaching in colleges and universities, is facing unprecedented opportunities for change. Artificial intelligence not only promotes the innovation of teaching methods, but also provides a new path for improving teaching effects. This paper takes the teaching of journalism and communication major in colleges and universities as the research object, and discusses how to effectively improve the teaching effect under the background of artificial intelligence. Through the investigation and data analysis of journalism and communication disciplines in 30 universities across the country, the introduction of artificial intelligence technology has shown significant advantages in improving students’ learning efficiency, enhancing curriculum interactivity, and improving teachers’ teaching quality. The artificial intelligence-assisted personalized learning system can customize course content according to students’ learning progress and interests, while the teaching evaluation system provides real-time feedback on students’ performance through data analysis, helping teachers adjust teaching strategies more accurately. In colleges and universities using artificial intelligence technology, students’ average grades have increased by 15%, classroom participation has increased by 20%, and teaching satisfaction has increased by 25%.