The reform of education and teaching in colleges and universities is an important content in the medium and long term education reform of the country, and transport, as the bloodline of modern society, is the basic guarantee for the normal development of the society and the economy, and its corresponding teaching of the relevant professions needs to be transformed and innovated decisively. In this paper, taking the water transport direction of the transport profession as the main research object, the intelligent online Q&A platform is designed by combining the question matching algorithm of dependency analysis and semantic similarity, the knowledge base retrieval algorithm based on structured retrieval as well as the interactive retrieval based on the design principle of the TRIZ contradiction matrix. Through the interaction between the system and the user and the interaction between the user and the user, it promotes the user to change from passive interaction to active interaction and realises the intelligent education of water transport and transportation. Finally, after confirming the performance of the platform through experiments, a teaching comparison experiment was conducted to test the effectiveness of this intelligent teaching method. The results show that the optimised knowledge retrieval method can achieve intelligent retrieval of answers to the corresponding questions, which is feasible to a certain extent, and the teaching comparison reflects the significance of the experimental class and the control class (p<0.05), which indicates that the student’s learning ability has reached an improvement after using the knowledge retrieval-based intelligent teaching platform.