Optical storage microgrids, as a kind of renewable energy integrated system, have received widespread attention due to their environmentally friendly and high-efficiency characteristics. Off-grid optical storage microgrids are particularly important in regions without reliable grid support, and their configuration and optimization path have a decisive impact on achieving cost-effectiveness and system reliability. This study explores the configuration of off-grid optical storage microgrids and their economic optimization paths to enhance the cost-effectiveness and performance of the system. The study proposes a stochastic model based on specific objectives and conditions and uses it to simulate and analyze multiple configuration scenarios to determine the optimal configuration. The most cost-effective configuration is identified through a detailed comparison of the initial investment, operating cost, and system reliability under different configurations. The results show that the use of an advanced battery storage system can significantly improve the overall system efficiency and economy. In addition, dynamic adjustment of the optimized configuration and adjustment of the operation strategy based on real-time data and stochastic models can further improve the economy and reliability of the system. Through scientific configuration and real-time optimization management, off-grid optical storage microgrids can achieve higher economic and operational efficiency, which is of great practical significance for promoting off-grid optical storage microgrid systems.