The digital transformation of the sports industry is an important engine for promoting the high-quality development of the sports industry and building a strong sports country under the new development pattern. Taking the data of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed sports enterprises from 2012 to 2023 as research samples, the article investigates the specific impact of the digital transformation level on the economic efficiency of sports enterprises through the multiple linear stepwise regression method and proposes the optimization path in this way. The level of digital transformation has a significant positive effect on the economic efficiency of sports enterprises at the 1% level, and every 1 percentage point increase in the level of digital transformation will significantly increase the economic efficiency of sports enterprises by 1.158 percentage points, with heterogeneity in terms of scale and industry attributes. The digital transformation level of sports enterprises will realize the improvement of economic efficiency by enhancing operational efficiency and reducing operational costs. Therefore, the economic efficiency of the sports industry needs to pay attention to the integration of information data and optimize the industrial layout by combining digital technology.