The rapid development of information technology is driving the digital reform of physical education teaching, and smart devices play a crucial role in the transformation process. This paper develops a content-based sports recommendation model, which is applied to the intelligent devices in M colleges and universities as a way to provide students with personalized sports recommendations in the sports teaching smart classroom. At the same time, the teaching activities of the sports smart classroom were designed according to the characteristics of teaching sports classes in colleges and universities. A variety of research methods, such as questionnaire surveys, were used to evaluate the teaching effect of the smart classroom. These methods were combined with regression equations, from which the role of smart devices was analyzed. The recommendation model in this paper can provide exercise recommendations for students through weighted scores, such as the Top-5 weighted score of student 1 is between 95.63 and 97.65. The smart device can improve students’ interest in physical education learning in four dimensions: the stimulation of situational interest, the maintenance of situational interest, the germination of individual interest, and the maturation of individual interest. After the experiment, the physical education level of the experimental class increased by 10.61% to 17.01% compared to the pre-experiment, while the control class only increased by 3.43% to 6.57%. The personalized recommendation provided by the smart device has the most obvious promotion effect on the learning effect. When it is improved by 1 unit, the learning effect is incremented by 0.347.