The relations of production are the inevitable form through which human beings carry out material transformation activities with nature in order to maintain their own existence and development, and they play a fundamental role in all social relations and fundamentally restrict other social relations such as political, ideological and cultural ones. Based on the characteristics of the change of production relations, this paper analyzes the practical, personal, objective and historical nature of production relations, and studies the mechanism of production relations in the context of today’s information age. Regression analysis is used to study the causes of the change in production relations, and then empirical analysis is used to study the development of the change in production relations in the information age. The regression results show that the high quality of labor, the development of science and technology innovation, and social demand can promote the change of production relations. Meanwhile, analyzing from the perspective of digital new quality productivity, it can be seen that the digital new quality productivity in the eastern and central regions is above the average level, and the western region is below the average level. The development of digital new quality productivity in the eastern region has grown from 0.065 in 2012 to 0.230 in 2022, with an average annual growth rate of 13%. However, the digital new quality productivity of the northeastern region is relatively backward, and the digital new quality productivity level in 2022 is only 0.12. According to the measurement of the index of change in production relations, it can be seen that the average value of the degree of realization of the change in production relations in each province grows from 0.280 in 2013 to 0.488 in 2022, and the level of development of the change in production relations improves, and the local regions also show a certain degree of variability. By combining empirical research on the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper conducts an in-depth study on the change of production relations in the information age, which is of certain significance for the realization of the goal of information technology to promote the change of production relations.