In the realm of geotechnical engineering, examining alterations in the coupling patterns of mechanical parameters among foundation pits, slopes, and embankments within the delta region’s typical structural configurations represents a pivotal research direction. While prior studies have delved into understanding the changes and interrelationships among these mechanical parameters, a quantitative assessment of their sensitivities and the factors influencing their correlated variations remains an unexplored territory. This oversight hinders a comprehensive comprehension of the underlying mechanisms that drive proximity-induced structural transformations, ultimately limiting the effectiveness of stability management strategies for the structural system. To bridge this gap, we propose an advanced analytical framework that integrates the investigation of mechanical parameters of different types of structures and their multiple influences. This approach aims to enhance the regulation of the overall stability of typical deltaic structures. Our methodology encompasses the development of a comprehensive model that captures the intricate correlations between multiple structural mechanical parameters in complex, multifactorial scenarios. Subsequently, we conduct a rigorous quantitative analysis to quantify the sensitivity of these structures to the factors influencing their mechanical parameters. To validate our methodology, we apply it to a case study situated in southern China, achieving promising results (R² ranging from 0.91 to 0.96, RMSE = 0.078–0.194, MAE = 0.003–0.019, GCD: 0.848–0.976). The presented multi-influence factor, multi-structure mechanical parameter change correlation model not only illuminates the inherent sensitivity factors that orchestrate the interconnected variations among structures but also provides invaluable insights into the safety considerations of design, construction, operation, and maintenance of representative structural systems in deltaic environments. Furthermore, it serves as a pertinent benchmark for quantitative assessments and sensitivity mechanical parameters analyses of proximate geotechnical structures in various geographical contexts.