China is the world’s largest energy consumer. Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, promoting low-carbon energy development is the key to promoting high-quality development of China’s energy industry and even the national economy. There are many links involved and the interests of the main body are wide, and thus it is particularly important to formulate a complete energy legal system for China’s energy development strategy. This paper adopts the discrete model theory to analyse the evolution of China’s energy legal system under the background of dual carbon. By sorting out the historical evolution of the formulation, implementation and revision of major legal policies in the energy field, it is ascertained that China’s energy laws and policies are gradually becoming clearer and more coercive, and continue to strengthen. According to the research results and a comprehensive analysis of the current situation of China’s energy laws, suggestions are put forward for the formulation and revision of these laws.