Based on 2010–2019 panel data of 111 city regional resources, the SBM model is used to empirically explore the internal connection among the heterogeneity of local officials and the economy of resource-based cities developed with high quality. The results of the application study showed that the age of local officials was negatively related to the economy of resource-based cities developed with high quality. When they first took office, the tenure of local officials was positively related to the economy of resource-based cities developed with high quality. Local officials with higher education are positively associated with the economy of resource-based cities developed with high quality. Local promotion of government officeholders can promote the quality of regional economic development more than those transferred from other regions. In order to promote the high-quality economic development of resource-based cities, we should first pay attention to the severance evaluation system of senior officeholders, secondly improve the education level of officeholders, arrange reasonable transfer methods and finally implement the limited-term system.