The paper uses mathematical-statistics–related methods to conduct an MCM examination of the physical health of all freshmen in a particular university. The study found that taking first-year students as the research object enables the inference that the four primary factors of college students’ physiological structure, physical form, psychological level and athletic ability can form a mathematical vertebral body model. This model can point out a new path for studying students’ physical health and realise a comprehensive assessment of students’ physical health.