The article theoretically analyzes the relevant knowledge of shot put in the shot put sports training of colleges and universities. The fractional differential equations are used to analyze the influence of the initial speed and the shot situation on the performance of the shot put. We obtain the joint angles of each stage of the shot throw through experimental design, time-consuming, final speed, limb displacement, shot-put shot speed, height, angle, and other kinematic parameters, and the shot-put motion trajectory of the picture stroke of the relevant action characteristics.