In recent years, along with the rapid growth of the number of agricultural machinery and equipment in China, the problems of high failure rate and low operational efficiency of agricultural machinery have gradually emerged. Therefore, how to diagnose and monitor the common faults of agricultural machinery in real time has become a hot spot for research on common faults of agricultural machinery. Based on the current technical requirements of fault diagnosis and monitoring of common faults of agricultural machinery, this paper designs and implements a vibration feature model based on the GDBT algorithm with the common faults of agricultural machinery as the monitoring object, and shows that the corresponding values of the fault size at 0.1 mm are equal to 8.1m/s2, and the corresponding effective values at the size of 2 mm are 34, 19 m/s2. And the vibration waveform is particularly similar to the trend of the fault, with the minimum values of 13 and 110 m/s2, respectively, both at the fault size of 0.5 mm.