Due to the new development stage, it is especially important to improve the education quality of private undergraduate universities. As a result, it is a new hot issue for the construction of mechanisms and assessment systems for the quality improvement of private undergraduate education. In this paper, after analyzing and researching the quality of undergraduate education in present-day universities, the mechanism of deep learning is applied to the establishment of the assessment system. Finally, 1082 samples collected from the data center platform of a private university are analyzed as the research object. From the results, the final size of the combined weights of the seven evaluation items constituting the assessment system differed little. They were 12.81%, 15.78%, 15.28%, 14.38%, 12.83%, 12.81%, 15.01%, and 13.27%, respectively. In the comparison of this paper’s method with FAHP+TOPSIS combined evaluation, euclidean map method, and genetic algorithm assignment, the difference between the seven weight values of the Euclidean map method is larger, 5.56%. The evaluation times of the four methods were 41 s, 38 s, 47 s, and 118 s. Compared with the other three methods, the genetic algorithm assignment took the most time.