In order to construct the morphological model of Chinese excellent calisthenics athletes, overcome the shortage of evaluation of single and multiple indexes in the study of the morphology of calisthenics athletes in the past, the author proposes a sports science model research based on fractional differential equation. Sports biomechanics, as an independent discipline within sports science, the general task of the study of motion biomechanics is to evaluate the effect of force on perfectly achieving a given goal in the process of interaction between biological system and external environment, the author takes the outstanding male calisthenics athletes of Chinese college students as the research object, and adopts the method of literature and mathematical statistics, the morphological indexes were analyzed and studied, and the morphological model was established, through factor analysis, the morphology of Chinese outstanding male college student aerobics athletes is divided into four factors: Body fullness factor, limb scale factor, body width factor, body circumference factor, the weights of the four factors are 0.36, 0.31, 0.17 and 0.15, respectively. Chinese outstanding male college student aerobics athletes have the morphological characteristics of medium height and well-developed upper arm and lower limb muscles.