Martial arts is a comprehensive sport. It requires the athlete to have speed, explosiveness, and coordination. Injuries are common among athletes in martial arts training. In this paper, the mathematical statistics method of the ROC curve is used to predict athletes’ sports injuries. At the same time, the author uses the firefly algorithm to establish the relevant factors for evaluating the degree of foot and ankle injury of martial arts athletes. In this way, the fitness function of the damage degree evaluation index is obtained. Finally, this paper verifies the effectiveness of the method by computer simulation. The mathematical statistics method of the ROC curve and the firefly algorithm-based injury evaluation method for martial arts players have particular guiding significance for improving the technical ability of Chinese martial arts players.