This paper combines the deep learning model and the concept of environmental education to construct an ecological education model of university mathematics based on deep learning and designs an index evaluation system for the ecological teaching quality of university mathematics under deep learning. The indicators that affect the quality of ecological teaching of university mathematics are analyzed by partial correlation analysis and factor analysis, and then the indicators after partial correlation, as well as factor analysis, are further analyzed by multiple linear regression, and the teaching model is put into practice. The correlations of student engagement, classroom culture, and clear objectives with teaching quality were 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98, respectively, and the evaluation satisfaction of each indicator was above 0.8, which could be effectively integrated.