This paper is based on the photobiological effect of the role of the collation of different light colors under the elderly pupil change and the luminance level function of the relationship between the equation so as to use this for the rationality of the design of the elderly housing. The non-visual direct response (nvRD) model is also used to predict the relative non-visual response to light and to compare the relative effectiveness of different light modes in providing potential health benefits to humans. The effects of different light illumination on mood affectivity and visual comfort were calculated using the modified spatial contrast (mSC) model and the preliminary gaze response light drive (GRL) model. Finally, the effects of different light intensities and situations on the physical heart rate and cardiovascular indexes of the elderly were examined using the experimental design of photobiological effects. The results showed that the T-wave time under green light increased by 4.008 ms on average, and the QT band interval under red light and green light had a more obvious increase, with an average increase of 5.131 ms for red light and 7.238 ms for green light, while the ventricular rate under blue light showed signs of acceleration, with an average increase of 2.352 beats. The rational design of space in elderly apartments is supported by theoretical reference and data basis in this paper.