This paper first analyzes the development trend of environmental design education from two aspects of environmental design’s diversified beginnings and aesthetic foundation and creates a conceptual idea of environmental design teaching system design. The second step is to construct an environmental design teaching index evaluation system, then pre-process the evaluation data and construct the environmental design teaching evaluation model using principal component analysis. Finally, the principal component analysis is conducted by example to evaluate the index weights and the index evaluation. The structure showed that the aesthetic analysis and aesthetic enhancement ratings were 3.56 and 3.33 before environmental design teaching and 8.1 and 8.6 after environmental design teaching. When taken together, environmental design instruction improves students’ aesthetic level.