Based on the chained intelligent education model, this paper provides practical training and practice activities for the development of university innovation and entrepreneurship courses in colleges and universities by constructing a university innovation and entrepreneurship learning platform to achieve resource sharing of multi-professional experimental bases, thus ensuring that the development of innovation and entrepreneurship courses in all majors in colleges and universities is satisfied. Then the learning platform system is designed and implemented, and the system technical support includes classroom key frame extraction based on deep neural network, S-T graph and Rt-Ch frame feature analysis, and classroom face dataset. Finally, the construction guarantee measures and management suggestions of the university innovation and entrepreneurship platform are proposed. The platform can stimulate students’ entrepreneurial spirit, improve their entrepreneurial ability, expand the knowledge related to innovation and entrepreneurship, and enhance the practical experience. The statistical analysis of the development of the course affecting innovation and entrepreneurship through the survey analysis method yielded a score of 2.17 (standard score of 54.27) for the item of guiding other students in the innovation and entrepreneurship course, which is the lowest score among the 27 questions, indicating that students’ main consciousness has not yet been formed, and their consciousness and ability of active learning and guiding others to learn are to be improved. This study improves students’ innovation spirit, entrepreneurial consciousness and entrepreneurial ability through the transfer of innovative and entrepreneurial knowledge, and it has a guiding reference value for college students to grow into high-quality and innovative talents.