In this paper, firstly, starting from the Civics classroom teaching, we constructed a teaching effect assessment model based on modularized data optimal algorithm to modularize the assessment of classroom teaching effect. The optimal modularized data algorithm is obtained by obtaining the optimal configuration of TLBO’s modularized data, and the teaching status is assessed using this algorithm. Finally, the teaching effect of University B is taken as an example to analyze the application of its effect assessment model. The results show that after using the teaching effect assessment model, the highest increase in the percentage of compliance is in the area of “taking notes in class”, with an increase of 0.12, and the highest decrease in the percentage of non-compliance is in the area of “reviewing after class”, with a decrease of 0.09. The data show that the evaluation model for teaching effectiveness constructed in this paper can improve students’ learning autonomy, effectiveness, and satisfaction with the course.