Big data is a double-edged sword, which brings opportunities and also risks and challenges to the innovation of ideological and political education in colleges and universities, which has led some people to question and deny the integration of big data innovation in ideological and political education in colleges and universities. This paper takes the influence of college ideological and political education environment on education effect as the research object, analyzes the characteristics of college ideological and political education environment, and summarizes the “advantages”, “disadvantages,” and “opportunities” of college ideologic and politic education environment, The research team analyzed the characteristics of the ideologic and politic education environment in colleges and universities and summarized the “advantages”, “disadvantages”, “opportunities” and “challenges”. Then factor analysis was applied to classify the factors influencing the ideological and political education environment of colleges and universities and establish hypotheses. The structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the relationship between the factors influencing the ideological and political education environment in colleges and universities and the relationship between the factors influencing the education environment. The results show that 44.63% of the respondents think there is influence, 27.97% think there is greater influence, and 23.82% think there is an important influence. Therefore, it can be concluded that the severe employment environment has a significant influence on the effect of ideological and political education. This study enhances ideological and political education by integrating big data innovation, which is important for the development of ideological and political education in colleges and universities.