In this paper, firstly, the process of building a statistical analysis model is studied in detail, the process of calculating the structural equation is described, and the structural equation algorithm is improved. A correlation model was created based on three dimensions: cognitive involvement, behavioral involvement, and affective involvement. After analyzing the model’s reliability and validity, it was modified to examine the correlation between learning engagement and effectiveness. The results showed that the overall effects of behavioral engagement, cognitive engagement, and affective engagement on key competencies were 0.978, 0.769, and -0.819, and the overall effects of behavioral engagement, cognitive engagement, and affective engagement on basic knowledge were 0.668, -0.569, and 0.586. The correlation between learning engagement and learning effectiveness was significant. This paper’s study has significant implications for educational reform in colleges and universities and for students to enhance their learning effectiveness.