This paper combines the three elements of industry-teaching fusion with the competency characteristics of art design professionals and puts forward a specific cultivation path for art design professionals under the industry-teaching fusion mode with respect to the cultivation value of industry-teaching fusion for art design professionals. The association rule algorithm is selected to set up art design professional courses, and the neural network algorithm is selected to establish the talent cultivation mechanism model of industry-teaching fusion under the background of big data. According to the association rules for talent training path effect prediction, and then use big data is used to analyze the demand characteristics of art design professional talent training under the fusion of industry and education based on the demand characteristics for targeted talent training. The average difference between the student’s scores and the actual scores is 17.38, the accuracy rate of the model is 87.15% in the case of the allowable error range of 10 points, and the accuracy rate of the model is 90.55% in the case of the allowable error range of 15 points. A series of interventions, such as promotion rate prediction and academic warning, can be implemented based on this.