In this paper, we first used the expected utility function to explore the benefits of urban park landscape construction on residents’ health. In order to reduce the estimation bias caused by omitted variables, the structural equation model with multiple mediators was used to test the multiple health behavior paths of the built environment of urban parks affecting residents’ health. Secondly, landscape ecology was used to reveal the changing law of landscape space patterns in urban parks, and different pattern indices were selected to quantitatively describe the changes in landscape space patterns in parks. Finally, three different types of parks, A, B and C, were selected as case studies to investigate the differences in the health benefits of different types of urban park landscape space for residents. The results showed that the utility model adjusted R2 = 0.2745 and the standardized coefficient beta=0.089, i.e., for every 1 gradient increase in the landscape pattern index of urban park landscapes, the health benefits of residents increased by 0.089 gradients. This study is of great significance for enhancing the health of residents and achieving the strategic goal of ‘Healthy China’.