The purpose of this paper is to study the phenomenon of Chinese cultural aphasia and analyze the reasons for the aphasia phenomenon. Secondly, the BERT model in the deep learning model is utilized to improve the effect of various natural language processing tasks, and the English dialogue system is set up to improve the students’ English oral expression ability when introducing Chinese culture. Then, a semantic comprehension model is constructed based on the role information, and coping strategies are proposed for the current English cultural aphasia phenomenon. Finally, the results of teaching evaluation in the university English classroom and the effects of learning Chinese culture in AI-assisted English teaching are analyzed, respectively. According to the study, the teaching process stage is where the most noticeable progress is made, with a score 18.66 points higher than the pre-test score. The average score of the learning effect of students who received AI-assisted means to learn Chinese culture was 3.603 points.