Under the digitalization of big data information, how to use big data technology to combine with visual communication design teaching has become a key topic of concern in the current education sector. Firstly, this paper proposes using a deep learning model based on big data technology for teaching practice research of visual communication design majors in colleges and universities and constructs a deep learning model by combining perceptron and bp neural algorithm for data mining property and accurate prediction. Secondly, the deep learning model is optimized by using the activation function and knowledge distillation function in response to the limitation problem of the deep learning model. Then the teaching evaluation data of visual communication design majors in colleges and universities are obtained through questionnaire survey work, and evaluation indexes are determined according to the evaluation data. Finally, students of visual design majors at Guizhou Vocational and Technical College were selected as research samples, and the practice performance of communication design majors was analyzed based on the deep learning model. The results showed that the deep learning model: from week 1 to week 20, the score improved from 52 to 88, which improved the score by 69.23%. The traditional method: from week 1 to week 20, the score improved from 52 to 80, improving the score by 53.84%. This study is conducive to promoting the healthy development of the visual communication profession and cultivating design talents that meet the needs of the information age and is of great significance to the development of the visual communication profession in China.