The combination of Chinese language and literature and information technology in the context of big data is an important way to cultivate all-around Chinese language talents. This paper constructs a teaching platform for modern Chinese language and literature based on a big data information fusion algorithm and first establishes a differential equation to express the development capability of Chinese language informatization. The quantitative recursive analysis is used to perform data fusion and teaching ability assessment for the platform, and the data classification is used to collect big data and quantitatively analyze the teaching ability assessment value of the platform, from which the utilization rate of teaching resource distribution is obtained. Finally, according to the feature vector of platform teaching ability assessment, clustering, and integration of index parameters are carried out to realize student talent cultivation and platform informatization development. The results show that the experimental and control groups were set up to teach through this platform for one semester, and the analysis of the students’ comprehensive final exam scores yielded a total average score of 86.8606 for the experimental class, which was significantly greater than the total average score of 81.4418 for the control class, thus indicating that the education system combining modern Chinese language and literature with informatization can enhance students’ talent ability.