By exploring the characteristics of Marxism’s Chineseization, an innovative path for cultural construction development is proposed. Based on the composition of cultural carriers of Marxist Chineseization, this paper constructs the social cognitive network of Marxist Chineseization. The structural characteristics of the network are studied based on node influence, proximity centrality, etc., thus proposing a scale-free model in the social network and adopting Pearson coefficients to characterize the relevance of the nodes. Accordingly, the process of cultural identity and the evolution of cultural carriers in the Chineseization of Marxism are analyzed, and the characteristics of cultural viewpoints are analyzed. In the construction of institutional culture, the cultural identity increased from 0.44 in 1980 to 0.832 in 2019. In constructing spiritual culture, the cultural identity increased from 0.389 in 1980 to 0.822 in 2019. With the dissemination and localization of Marxist theories in China, cultural identity is a process of zigzagging.