The advent of the era of big data has had an important impact on the education mode, education management methods, and education thinking paths of college ideology and politics. In this paper, an innovative platform for the theoretical practice of ideological and political education based on the background of big data is constructed by a B/S (browser/server) architecture system, which first accesses the server database and executes the application. Secondly, UML (Unified Modeling Language) modeling is established, and static and dynamic modeling are used to realize the use of distance learning systems. Finally, the important branches of FCM algorithm modeling are applied to optimize the problem using cluster transformation, and the system is examined for data. The results show that the platform constructed in this paper can make students’ awareness of teaching contents reach 75%, attention reach 53%, the overall effect of teaching reach 88%, and the average value of online examination score is 7.2 in the teaching system. Thus, the platform constructed in this paper can help promote the theoretical practice of ideological and political education in colleges and universities and can better propose new ideas and methods for ideological and political education.