The purpose of exploring the development mode of online teaching resources in colleges and universities is to enhance the utilization rate of online teaching resources to promote the diversification of teaching methods. In this paper, based on big data technology, a cloud education platform integrating online teaching resources in colleges and universities is constructed under the perspective of integrating industry and education, and the architecture and functions of the cloud education platform are explained. Then the collaborative filtering algorithm is used to filter and collect the information on online teaching resources, and the Pearson correlation formula is used to pre-process the data and help users to recommend teaching resources. Finally, the pre-processed data are filtered and analyzed using the multilayer perceptron technology under the deep learning model. To verify the practicality of the cloud education platform proposed in this paper, the platform’s performance is evaluated by combining MAE metrics with RMSE metrics. In terms of load capacity, the platform has the best load capacity when the number of users is 200. From the performance test, the average transmission rate of the cloud education platform is 8.1% and 0.93% higher than that of NetEase Cloud Classroom and Tencent Classroom, and the average transmission time is 7.09 s. From the practicality analysis, the average value of the MAE index is 0.317%, and the average value of the RMSE index is 0.232%. This shows that the cloud education platform can effectively integrate university online teaching resources and help universities achieve diversified development of teaching methods.