Magnesium alloys show great superiority for modern applications due to their good biocompatibility, degradability, and excellent mechanical properties. In this paper, the strengthening effects and mechanisms of composite precipitation phases, microalloying regulated recrystallization behavior, composite grain organization, and new strain aging methods in magnesium alloys are investigated in terms of five stages of work hardening, heat treatment, and strengthening properties. The use of rare earth elements can effectively enhance the aging strengthening properties of magnesium alloy through the use of gadolinium (Gd) and yttrium (Y) in rare earth elements for the development of high-strength magnesium alloy. The results show that the solubility of aluminum in magnesium reaches the maximum of 12.6mmass.% at the eutectic temperature of 436℃and then gradually decreases with the decrease of temperature, and when the temperature decreases to room temperature, the solubility decreases to 2mass.%. The elongation of alloy 0.5Al alloy 0.5Zr alloy on the basis of the aging state was 6.7% and 4.8%, respectively. This paper provides theoretical and experimental guidance for the development of high-strength magnesium alloys through an in-depth study of strengthening mechanisms such as composite precipitation strengthening, crystal strengthening and strain aging strengthening.