The mental health of college students is closely linked to their upbringing environment. This study utilized a scale method to quantitatively assess family economic status, parenting styles, and closeness using subjective and objective induction perspectives. The survey data was obtained by combining Liket multipoint scoring, and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was utilized for testing. For the mental health assessment of college students, quantification and summation was conducted through fuzzy qualitative assessment, and the assessment criteria were established using the fuzzy comprehensive assessment method. The predictions were fitted using multiple linear regression after completing the descriptive statistical analysis and mediating role test. The family socioeconomic status factor was used to predict the mental health index of college students, which could reduce the error by 3.8%. The parenting style factor was used to predict the mental health index of college students, which could reduce 7.2% of the error. Using the factor of family closeness to predict the mental health index of college students can reduce the error by 4.2%. By exploring the influence of upbringing on mental health, psychological intervention methods can be better proposed.