Firstly, the signal extraction in the teaching of vocal music and traditional music in the background of Internet+ is explained in the research. Considering that the initial signal is an analog signal, it is necessary to carry out quantization, pre-emphasis, and windowing and framing processing of the music signal, thus realizing the conversion from analog signals to digital signals. Secondly, the features of the music signal are extracted from the fundamental frequency perturbation and resonance peak perturbation so as to obtain the eigenvalues of the music digital signal. Then, the evaluation model of teaching fusion of vocal music and traditional music culture in colleges and universities is constructed, the input and network parameters of the model are determined according to the music features and variables, and the evaluation model of teaching fusion of vocal music and traditional music based on the Internet is empirically analyzed by means of simulation analysis. The results show that on the evaluation model instance analysis, the average scoring results obtained from the network based on the evaluation model network for the integration of vocal music and traditional music teaching are 0.729, an error of 0.05%, and compared with the subjective scoring of 0.741 (scored by the experts), the two evaluation results are similar, and the output of the evaluation model basically is able to meet the requirements. Through this study, the main content of classroom teaching can be enhanced, and students can be guided to treat traditional music and culture correctly.