We must seize the chance for growth in the big data era for innovation and optimization to efficiently optimize music education instruction in colleges and universities. This paper applies the SVM method to studying vocal recognition in popular music to build a music learning aid system. The system gives the exact location of the intro, bridge, and outro through the recognition of vocals in pop music, which helps learners to practice in a targeted way. MFCC features are used, and low-pass filtering is applied to the classification results later, resulting in a recognition rate of 85.74% on a frame-by-frame basis. From the test results, SVM has a better generalization ability than other classifiers, including ANN, GMM, and HMM, with a recognition rate of at least 8.84% higher. In the practicality test, the experimental class applied the music-assisted system for learning, and the comparison class used the traditional teaching method. 46 more people in the experimental class rated good music ability than the control class, 68 more rated good innovation status than the control class, and 71 more rated good independent learning ability than the control class. Therefore, big data technology must be used to innovate music education in colleges and universities to increase teaching efficacy successfully.