This paper contributes to the visual communication design of traditional animal and plant patterns by recreating the traditional pattern graphics based on the specific skeletal laws of traditional patterns. Based on the demand for vectorization of traditional animal and plant tattoos, a vectorization algorithm based on edge structure extraction is proposed to pre-process the tattoos using the gradient minimization model, and the tattoos are processed by image vectorization using the edge structure extraction algorithm of clustered segmentation and the Bézier curve fitting algorithm of the least squares method. Based on the image vectorization rendering of traditional animal and plant patterns, the visual communication design is carried out, and the color matching effect is analyzed in terms of single-factor color matching and comprehensive color matching. 10 extracted colors are analyzed in terms of the hue angle difference on the color ring, and the two comparative colors are the contrasting colors when the angle difference is 120~180°. The contrast height is highest when the difference value is 180°.