As we all know, a healthy body is a guarantee that students to do better in their studies, so students’ health should not be neglected in the process of students’ development. This study examines the impact of exercise training on the physical health of college students by combining college physical education teaching and exercise training. Sixty students from a college in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, were selected as experimental subjects. The effect of exercise training on college students’ physical fitness and health promotion was studied using pre- and post-test analysis of data, correlation analysis, and multiple regression, and an independent t-test was performed on the study subjects. There were significant differences (P0.05. There is no significant difference between the indicators of physical function. It indicates that sports training has a significant effect on promoting physical fitness improvement in students. The students’ body mechanics and physical fitness improved significantly after 12 weeks of sports training. It shows that exercise training helps to improve students’ body mechanics and physical fitness. There was a multidimensional association between students’ physical fitness and athletic training skills, and there was a significant positive correlation between students’ functional movements, physical fitness, and body mechanics on total athletic training, recovery training, and sports fitness training.