A dynamic planning method for satellite imaging mission based on improved genetic algorithm

The ongoing enhancement of imaging satellite platforms in terms of payload capacity, coupled with the proliferation of imaging satellites, introduces new complexities to the mission planning processes. These enhancements enable broader applications and significantly increase the societal benefits derived from imaging satellites. To address these challenges, a specific kinematic model for dynamic imaging attitudes is constructed, taking into account the dynamics of satellite imaging missions. This model uses information from satellite imaging observation tasks to design constraints that govern the planning of imaging tasks. Additionally, an optimization objective function is established to ensure compliance with these planning constraints. Building on the encoding method for relative imaging moments, an adaptive genetic algorithm tailored for satellite imaging task planning is introduced. This algorithm enhances the iterative efficiency of decision variables involved in satellite imaging tasks. Empirical validation through comparative simulation experiments, using a typical satellite imaging mission as a case study, demonstrates the effectiveness of the adaptive genetic algorithm. In various phases of imaging mission planning, the algorithm achieved a 100% task completion rate. The index function gain was enhanced by 21.47%, and the maximum synthetic angular velocity of attitude maneuvers between different targets peaked at the satellite’s maneuvering threshold of 7 degrees per second. By leveraging adaptive genetic algorithms, satellite imaging mission planning can optimize mission completion rates and effectively utilize the satellite’s maximum attitude maneuver capabilities.