Nowadays, the physical education of young people can no longer be accomplished independently by the school, it needs the family and the society to take the responsibility of educating young people together. This paper takes students, families, schools, and society as different cultivation subjects, sets up four different types of linkage factor questionnaires, and selects ten senior high schools and experimental elementary schools in L City as research objects to obtain corresponding research data. For the validity of the survey scales, factor analysis was used to analyze the exploratory factors of each scale, and its validation factors were tested for structural validity through structural equation modeling to determine the correlation between family, school, and social sports. The results showed that different metric factors could be extracted in student, family, school, and social sports, among which the five metric factors in the student scale were able to achieve 81.42% of the explanatory degree of students’ physical activity. The structural convergent validity of the student, family, school, and society scales exceeds 0.7, and the correlation coefficients of the “family, school, and society” trinity exceed 0.5. The ‘family, school, and society’ trinity can better promote the formation of physical education awareness among adolescents and ensure that they have a sense of physical education. The ‘home, school, and society’ model can better promote the formation of adolescents’ sports awareness and ensure that they have strong physical fitness.