Chinese enterprises’ overseas investments have significantly facilitated China’s foreign labor export, but the international labor market is undergoing profound changes, posing new challenges. This study constructs an empirical model to examine the relationship between labor export and China’s OFDI, conducts a Pearson correlation test, and uses a simple linear regression model to verify the influence of OFDI on labor export flow. The study suggests that China’s OFDI has a significant impact on labor export, transitioning from pulling to crowding out effects after the Belt and Road Initiative, with policy recommendations for enhancing labor enterprise competitiveness and government oversight.