Under the guidance of “Three Comprehensive Education,” colleges and universities have achieved certain results. However, in their practical operation, they have encountered several problems. These include the insufficient joint generation of “all-staff education,” the weak overall penetration of “whole-process education,” and the low overall linkage of “all-round education.” This paper takes the professional, ideological education of nursing undergraduates in a medical university as the research object, takes the evaluation of the effectiveness of ideological education as the research basis, takes the theory and practice of “three comprehensive education” as the starting point, and deeply studies the shortcomings of the current ideological education in colleges and universities in the main body, process, and direction of education. We constructed the “2+6+N” quality evaluation index system from two components: the ideological education work (i.e., full staff, the whole process, and all-round) and the ideological education effectiveness (direct effect, indirect effect, and spillover effect) in colleges and universities. From an empirical point of view, a complete set of whole-process quality evaluation implementation systems is constructed, and the AHP method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are used in the evaluation. The results showed that the comprehensive value of the evaluation of the effectiveness of ideological education for nursing undergraduates in a medical university was 75.079, and the results were between satisfactory and average. The evaluation results suggest specific improvement measures for undergraduate colleges to implement ideological education in nursing.