Strong visual impact and easy-to-understand communication methods have made the YouTube video platform the forefront of international cultural exchange and dissemination of Chinese martial arts. In this paper, we first design a principal component-ridge regression algorithm to correct the multicollinearity problem and eliminate its negative impact on regression analysis. Then, based on the “center path-edge path” perspective in ELM theory, we assumed that the video theme, duration, title, and other factors would affect the dissemination effect of Chinese wushu in international cultural exchanges and constructed an ELM model for the international dissemination of Chinese wushu. Then we designed a questionnaire with international students in China as the research object, conducted sample reliability and validity tests, and combined the principal component-ridge regression algorithm to explore the influencing factors of Chinese Wushu in international cultural exchange communication. The results are presented as follows: except for the p-value of 0.021 and 0.004 for video scientificity and the presence or absence of characters on the video cover, the p-value of all the other items is less than 0.001. The video theme, video scientificity, video duration, video title, cover characters, cover text, and animated video all have a significant positive impact on the effect of dissemination of Chinese Wushu in international cultural exchanges. The theoretical basis of this paper is used to accelerate the construction of Chinese Wushu cultural influence and optimize the communication strategy of Chinese Wushu international cultural exchange.