The optimization of mine safety and management methods is critical in the context of big data. This study will explore improving mine safety and management efficiency by utilizing CPS. A mine data interaction mechanism is constructed using CPS technology to realize efficient data collection and processing. The study profoundly explores the data interaction of end devices and the value model of computing resources by analyzing the mine CPS perceptual execution layer. The results show that CPS technology can significantly improve the efficiency of mine safety management. For example, the introduced CRV incentive mechanism significantly improves the utilization efficiency of computing resources. In addition, this study also explores the scheduling strategy of computing resources under multi-objective constraints and the implementation of mine scheduling based on the MOCA-PSO algorithm, which effectively optimizes resource allocation and utilization. The conclusion shows that applying big data technology and CPS can effectively improve mine safety and management, which is of great significance in guiding the future development of the mining industry.